Upcoming training courses

30 Sep 2025 - 3 Oct 2025

AX300 Virtual - European TZ BST (GMT +1)

This course is an expert-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and who are seeking to improve their mobile device investigations. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

30 Sep 2025 - 3 Oct 2025

GK200 Classroom - London UK

GK200 is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and are seeking to expand their knowledge base into iOS and Android examinations using Magnet Graykey. Students must be part of a law enforcement agency and must be cleared in advance to attend this course.

30 Sep 2025 - 3 Oct 2025

AX150 Virtual - N. America TZ CDT (GMT-5)

Core Mobile Acquisition and Analysis (AX150) is a beginner level course, designed for participants who are unfamiliar with the principles of mobile forensics. The course focuses on iOS and Android devices from the point of collection to the point of analysis whilst exploring Magnet Axiom and Magnet tools such as Magnet Acquire, the Magnet Custom Artifact Generator (MCAG) and Magnet Axiom Dynamic App Finder.

30 Sep 2025 - 1 Oct 2025

AX220 Virtual - N. America TZ CDT (GMT-5)

This course is an intermediate-level two-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and who are seeking to expand their knowledge base into deep iOS and android file system examinations. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

30 Sep 2025 - 3 Oct 2025

AX250 Virtual - N. America TZ CDT (GMT-5)

AX250 is an advanced level course designed for students who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and use Magnet Axiom in Windows investigations. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

30 Sep 2025 - 3 Oct 2025

AX320 Virtual - N. America TZ CDT (GMT-5)

This course is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are somewhat familiar with the principles of digital forensics and who are seeking to expand their knowledge base into cloud-based and social media forensics. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

2 - 3 Oct 2025

AX220 Virtual - N. America TZ CDT (GMT-5)

This course is an intermediate-level two-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and who are seeking to expand their knowledge base into deep iOS and android file system examinations. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

7 - 9 Oct 2025

DV200 / Witness Virtual - European TZ BST (GMT +1)

Digital Video Investigations with Magnet Witness (DV200) is a beginner-level course, designed for participants who are not yet familiar with the concepts of the recovery and analysis of digital video files from commercially available digital video recorders.

7 - 9 Oct 2025

GE200 Virtual - European TZ BST (GMT +1)

The Magnet Griffeye Examinations Course is a 3-day training course designed for students who have attended the Magnet Griffeye Lite online course or have already attained proficiency in Magnet Griffeye Advanced. The course is designed to equip you with the necessary skills and tools to handle media files effectively during a criminal investigation, thereby maximizing the productivity of the tool.

7 - 10 Oct 2025

AX350 Virtual - N. America TZ CDT (GMT-5)

AX350 is an expert-level four-day training course, designed for participants who understand digital forensics fundamentals, basic Axiom usage, and are seeking to expand their forensic investigative skills targeting Mac computers. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

7 - 8 Oct 2025

DV150 Virtual - N. America TZ CDT (GMT-5)

This two-day instructor-led course provides students with the knowledge and skills necessary to perform structural comparative analysis on digital image and video files and to articulate expert results in both a report and court of law. Students will learn how to manually decode multimedia files at the binary level, performing authentication examinations using file metadata and structure. We will be working within Magnet Verify.

7 - 10 Oct 2025

GK200 Classroom - Boulder, CO

GK200 is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and are seeking to expand their knowledge base into iOS and Android examinations using Magnet Graykey. Students must be part of a law enforcement agency and must be cleared in advance to attend this course.

7 - 10 Oct 2025

AX200 Classroom - Santa Ana, CA (Law Enforcement Only)

Magnet Axiom Examinations (AX200) is ideal for those who require intermediate-level training with a digital investigation platform that covers cases involving smartphones, tablets, computers, and cloud data in a single collaborative interface. This course is the perfect entry point for examiners who are new to Axiom. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

Tue 7 Oct 2025

Portable Case Examinations - ICAC Conference

14 - 17 Oct 2025

AX150 Virtual - European TZ BST (GMT +1)

Core Mobile Acquisition and Analysis (AX150) is a beginner level course, designed for participants who are unfamiliar with the principles of mobile forensics. The course focuses on iOS and Android devices from the point of collection to the point of analysis whilst exploring Magnet Axiom and Magnet tools such as Magnet Acquire, the Magnet Custom Artifact Generator (MCAG) and Magnet Axiom Dynamic App Finder.

14 - 17 Oct 2025

AX320 Classroom - Birmingham UK

This course is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are somewhat familiar with the principles of digital forensics and who are seeking to expand their knowledge base into cloud-based and social media forensics. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

14 - 15 Oct 2025

AX400 Virtual - European TZ BST (GMT +1)

This course is a two-day, expert-level training program designed to equip digital forensic examiners with advanced skills for navigating complex mobile data. Emphasizing unsupported third-party applications, advanced data structures, and custom artifact creation, this course will provide essential tools for analyzing mobile device data with confidence.

14 - 17 Oct 2025

AX300 Virtual - N. America TZ CDT (GMT-5)

This course is an expert-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and who are seeking to improve their mobile device investigations. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

14 - 17 Oct 2025

AX310 Virtual - N. America TZ CDT (GMT-5)

AX310 is an expert-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and who are seeking to expand their knowledge base on advanced forensics and incident response techniques and want to improve computer investigations. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

14 - 15 Oct 2025

AX400 Virtual - N. America TZ CDT (GMT-5)

This course is a two-day, expert-level training program designed to equip digital forensic examiners with advanced skills for navigating complex mobile data. Emphasizing unsupported third-party applications, advanced data structures, and custom artifact creation, this course will provide essential tools for analyzing mobile device data with confidence.

14 - 17 Oct 2025

GK200 Classroom - Effingham, IL

GK200 is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and are seeking to expand their knowledge base into iOS and Android examinations using Magnet Graykey. Students must be part of a law enforcement agency and must be cleared in advance to attend this course.

16 - 17 Oct 2025

AX400 Virtual - European TZ BST (GMT +1)

This course is a two-day, expert-level training program designed to equip digital forensic examiners with advanced skills for navigating complex mobile data. Emphasizing unsupported third-party applications, advanced data structures, and custom artifact creation, this course will provide essential tools for analyzing mobile device data with confidence.

16 - 17 Oct 2025

AX400 Virtual - N. America TZ CDT (GMT-5)

This course is a two-day, expert-level training program designed to equip digital forensic examiners with advanced skills for navigating complex mobile data. Emphasizing unsupported third-party applications, advanced data structures, and custom artifact creation, this course will provide essential tools for analyzing mobile device data with confidence.

21 - 24 Oct 2025

GK200 Classroom - Melbourne, AUS

GK200 is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and are seeking to expand their knowledge base into iOS and Android examinations using Magnet Graykey. Students must be part of a law enforcement agency and must be cleared in advance to attend this course.

21 - 24 Oct 2025

AX310 Virtual - European TZ BST (GMT +1)

AX310 is an expert-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and who are seeking to expand their knowledge base on advanced forensics and incident response techniques and want to improve computer investigations. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

21 - 23 Oct 2025

GE200 Virtual - European TZ BST (GMT +1)

The Magnet Griffeye Examinations Course is a 3-day training course designed for students who have attended the Magnet Griffeye Lite online course or have already attained proficiency in Magnet Griffeye Advanced. The course is designed to equip you with the necessary skills and tools to handle media files effectively during a criminal investigation, thereby maximizing the productivity of the tool.

21 - 24 Oct 2025

GK200 Classroom - Birmingham UK

GK200 is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and are seeking to expand their knowledge base into iOS and Android examinations using Magnet Graykey. Students must be part of a law enforcement agency and must be cleared in advance to attend this course.

21 - 24 Oct 2025

AX200 Classroom - McLean, VA

Magnet Axiom Examinations (AX200) is ideal for those who require intermediate-level training with a digital investigation platform that covers cases involving smartphones, tablets, computers, and cloud data in a single collaborative interface. This course is the perfect entry point for examiners who are new to Axiom. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

21 - 24 Oct 2025

GK200 Virtual - N. America TZ CDT (GMT-5)

GK200 is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and are seeking to expand their knowledge base into iOS and Android examinations using Magnet Graykey. Students must be part of a law enforcement agency and must be cleared in advance to attend this course.

21 - 24 Oct 2025

GK200 Classroom - Long Beach, CA

GK200 is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and are seeking to expand their knowledge base into iOS and Android examinations using Magnet Graykey. Students must be part of a law enforcement agency and must be cleared in advance to attend this course.

28 - 31 Oct 2025

GK200 Classroom - Melbourne, AUS

GK200 is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and are seeking to expand their knowledge base into iOS and Android examinations using Magnet Graykey. Students must be part of a law enforcement agency and must be cleared in advance to attend this course.

28 - 31 Oct 2025

AX200 Virtual - European TZ GMT (GMT+0)

Magnet Axiom Examinations (AX200) is ideal for those who require intermediate-level training with a digital investigation platform that covers cases involving smartphones, tablets, computers, and cloud data in a single collaborative interface. This course is the perfect entry point for examiners who are new to Axiom. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

28 - 31 Oct 2025

AX300 Classroom - London, UK

This course is an expert-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and who are seeking to improve their mobile device investigations. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

28 - 30 Oct 2025

GE200 Virtual - European TZ GMT

The Magnet Griffeye Examinations Course is a 3-day training course designed for students who have attended the Magnet Griffeye Lite online course or have already attained proficiency in Magnet Griffeye Advanced. The course is designed to equip you with the necessary skills and tools to handle media files effectively during a criminal investigation, thereby maximizing the productivity of the tool.

28 - 31 Oct 2025

AX250 Virtual - N. America TZ CDT (GMT-5)

AX250 is an advanced level course designed for students who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and use Magnet Axiom in Windows investigations. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

28 - 30 Oct 2025

GE200 Virtual - N. America TZ CDT (GMT-5)

The Magnet Griffeye Examinations Course is a 3-day training course designed for students who have attended the Magnet Griffeye Lite online course or have already attained proficiency in Magnet Griffeye Advanced. The course is designed to equip you with the necessary skills and tools to handle media files effectively during a criminal investigation, thereby maximizing the productivity of the tool.

28 - 31 Oct 2025

GK200 Classroom - Nashville, TN

GK200 is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and are seeking to expand their knowledge base into iOS and Android examinations using Magnet Graykey. Students must be part of a law enforcement agency and must be cleared in advance to attend this course.

28 - 30 Oct 2025

G0200 Virtual - N. America TZ CDT (GMT-5)

This course is designed for individuals who have completed the Magnet Griffeye Lite course. It will provide the skills and tools needed to process cases, manage media files, and utilize the collaborative features of the tool, allowing multiple examiners to work together on a single case and enhancing the overall productivity of the tool.

4 - 7 Nov 2025

AX200 Classroom - Birmingham UK

Magnet Axiom Examinations (AX200) is ideal for those who require intermediate-level training with a digital investigation platform that covers cases involving smartphones, tablets, computers, and cloud data in a single collaborative interface. This course is the perfect entry point for examiners who are new to Axiom. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

4 - 5 Nov 2025

DV150 Virtual - European TZ (GMT)

This two-day instructor-led course provides students with the knowledge and skills necessary to perform structural comparative analysis on digital image and video files and to articulate expert results in both a report and court of law. Students will learn how to manually decode multimedia files at the binary level, performing authentication examinations using file metadata and structure. We will be working within Magnet Verify.

4 - 7 Nov 2025

VK200 Virtual - European TZ BST (GMT)

Magnet Verakey Examinations (VK200) is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and who are seeking to improve their mobile device investigations.

4 - 7 Nov 2025

GK200 Classroom - Lexington, KY

GK200 is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and are seeking to expand their knowledge base into iOS and Android examinations using Magnet Graykey. Students must be part of a law enforcement agency and must be cleared in advance to attend this course.

4 - 7 Nov 2025

AX150 Virtual - N. America TZ CST (GMT-6)

Core Mobile Acquisition and Analysis (AX150) is a beginner level course, designed for participants who are unfamiliar with the principles of mobile forensics. The course focuses on iOS and Android devices from the point of collection to the point of analysis whilst exploring Magnet Axiom and Magnet tools such as Magnet Acquire, the Magnet Custom Artifact Generator (MCAG) and Magnet Axiom Dynamic App Finder.

4 - 7 Nov 2025

AX320 Virtual - N. America TZ CST (GMT-6)

This course is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are somewhat familiar with the principles of digital forensics and who are seeking to expand their knowledge base into cloud-based and social media forensics. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

11 - 12 Nov 2025

AX220 Virtual - European TZ GMT (GMT)

This course is an intermediate-level two-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and who are seeking to expand their knowledge base into deep iOS and android file system examinations. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

11 - 14 Nov 2025

AX250 Classroom - Birmingham UK

AX250 is an advanced level course designed for students who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and use Magnet Axiom in Windows investigations. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

11 - 13 Nov 2025

DV200 Classroom - Birmingham, UK

Digital Video Investigations with Magnet Witness (DV200) is a beginner-level course, designed for participants who are not yet familiar with the concepts of the recovery and analysis of digital video files from commercially available digital video recorders.

12 - 13 Nov 2025

AX400 Virtual - N. America TZ CST (GMT-6)

This course is a two-day, expert-level training program designed to equip digital forensic examiners with advanced skills for navigating complex mobile data. Emphasizing unsupported third-party applications, advanced data structures, and custom artifact creation, this course will provide essential tools for analyzing mobile device data with confidence.

12 - 14 Nov 2025

DV200 Witness Virtual - N. America TZ CST (GMT-6)

Digital Video Investigations with Magnet Witness (DV200) is a beginner-level course, designed for participants who are not yet familiar with the concepts of the recovery and analysis of digital video files from commercially available digital video recorders.

18 - 21 Nov 2025

AX320 Virtual - Australian TZ (GMT +10)

This course is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are somewhat familiar with the principles of digital forensics and who are seeking to expand their knowledge base into cloud-based and social media forensics. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

18 - 21 Nov 2025

AX350 Virtual - European TZ GMT (GMT +0)

AX350 is an expert-level four-day training course, designed for participants who understand digital forensics fundamentals, basic Axiom usage, and are seeking to expand their forensic investigative skills targeting Mac computers. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

18 - 20 Nov 2025

GE200 Virtual - European TZ (GMT)

The Magnet Griffeye Examinations Course is a 3-day training course designed for students who have attended the Magnet Griffeye Lite online course or have already attained proficiency in Magnet Griffeye Advanced. The course is designed to equip you with the necessary skills and tools to handle media files effectively during a criminal investigation, thereby maximizing the productivity of the tool.

18 - 21 Nov 2025

GK200 Classroom - London, UK

GK200 is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and are seeking to expand their knowledge base into iOS and Android examinations using Magnet Graykey. Students must be part of a law enforcement agency and must be cleared in advance to attend this course.

18 - 21 Nov 2025

GK200 Virtual - European TZ GMT (GMT +0)

GK200 is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and are seeking to expand their knowledge base into iOS and Android examinations using Magnet Graykey. Students must be part of a law enforcement agency and must be cleared in advance to attend this course.

18 - 20 Nov 2025

GO200 Virtual - European TZ BST (GMT)

This course is designed for individuals who have completed the Magnet Griffeye Lite course. It will provide the skills and tools needed to process cases, manage media files, and utilize the collaborative features of the tool, allowing multiple examiners to work together on a single case and enhancing the overall productivity of the tool.

18 - 21 Nov 2025

AX250 Classroom - McLean, VA

AX250 is an advanced level course designed for students who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and use Magnet Axiom in Windows investigations. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

18 - 21 Nov 2025

GK200 Classroom - Aston, PA

GK200 is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and are seeking to expand their knowledge base into iOS and Android examinations using Magnet Graykey. Students must be part of a law enforcement agency and must be cleared in advance to attend this course.

18 - 21 Nov 2025

AX310 Virtual - N. America TZ CST (GMT-6)

AX310 is an expert-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and who are seeking to expand their knowledge base on advanced forensics and incident response techniques and want to improve computer investigations. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

18 - 21 Nov 2025

VK200 Virtual - N. America TZ CST (GMT-6)

Magnet Verakey Examinations (VK200) is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and who are seeking to improve their mobile device investigations.

25 - 28 Nov 2025

AX250 Virtual - European TZ GMT (GMT +0)

AX250 is an advanced level course designed for students who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and use Magnet Axiom in Windows investigations. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

25 - 28 Nov 2025

AX310 Classroom - London, UK

AX310 is an expert-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and who are seeking to expand their knowledge base on advanced forensics and incident response techniques and want to improve computer investigations. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

25 - 26 Nov 2025

AX400 Virtual - European TZ GMT (GMT +0)

This course is a two-day, expert-level training program designed to equip digital forensic examiners with advanced skills for navigating complex mobile data. Emphasizing unsupported third-party applications, advanced data structures, and custom artifact creation, this course will provide essential tools for analyzing mobile device data with confidence.

2 - 5 Dec 2025

AX310 Virtual - European TZ BST (GMT)

AX310 is an expert-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and who are seeking to expand their knowledge base on advanced forensics and incident response techniques and want to improve computer investigations. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

2 - 4 Dec 2025

GE200 Virtual - European TZ GMT

The Magnet Griffeye Examinations Course is a 3-day training course designed for students who have attended the Magnet Griffeye Lite online course or have already attained proficiency in Magnet Griffeye Advanced. The course is designed to equip you with the necessary skills and tools to handle media files effectively during a criminal investigation, thereby maximizing the productivity of the tool.

2 - 5 Dec 2025

AX200 Classroom - McLean, VA

Magnet Axiom Examinations (AX200) is ideal for those who require intermediate-level training with a digital investigation platform that covers cases involving smartphones, tablets, computers, and cloud data in a single collaborative interface. This course is the perfect entry point for examiners who are new to Axiom. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

2 - 5 Dec 2025

GK200 Classroom - Oakville, On

GK200 is an intermediate-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and are seeking to expand their knowledge base into iOS and Android examinations using Magnet Graykey. Students must be part of a law enforcement agency and must be cleared in advance to attend this course.

2 - 5 Dec 2025

AX250 Virtual - N. America TZ CST (GMT-6)

AX250 is an advanced level course designed for students who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and use Magnet Axiom in Windows investigations. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

2 - 5 Dec 2025

AX300 Virtual - N. America TZ CST (GMT-6)

This course is an expert-level four-day training course, designed for participants who are familiar with the principles of digital forensics and who are seeking to improve their mobile device investigations. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

2 - 5 Dec 2025

AX350 Virtual - N. America TZ CST (GMT-6)

AX350 is an expert-level four-day training course, designed for participants who understand digital forensics fundamentals, basic Axiom usage, and are seeking to expand their forensic investigative skills targeting Mac computers. You can purchase training classes directly online using a credit card or if payment by purchase order is required, please request a quotation from sales@magnetforensics.com.

2 - 3 Dec 2025

DV150 Virtual - N. America TZ CST (GMT-6)

This two-day instructor-led course provides students with the knowledge and skills necessary to perform structural comparative analysis on digital image and video files and to articulate expert results in both a report and court of law. Students will learn how to manually decode multimedia files at the binary level, performing authentication examinations using file metadata and structure. We will be working within Magnet Verify.

2 - 4 Dec 2025

G0200 Virtual - N. America TZ CST (GMT-6)

This course is designed for individuals who have completed the Magnet Griffeye Lite course. It will provide the skills and tools needed to process cases, manage media files, and utilize the collaborative features of the tool, allowing multiple examiners to work together on a single case and enhancing the overall productivity of the tool.